Ideally, a couple considering having a child should meet with a doctor or other health care provider to discuss whether pregnancy is advisable. The pregnancy is usually very safe. However, some disorders can become severe during pregnancy. It also increases for some couples. The risk of having a child with a genetic disorder.
Once a couple is considering having a baby, the woman should start taking a multivitamin that contains folate (folic acid) once a day. The lowest recommended intake for women of childbearing age is 400 micrograms, but some experts recommend slightly higher amounts such as 600 or 800 mcg. Such concentrations are often found in over-the-counter drug products, such as multivitamins. Folic acid reduces the risk of a baby developing a birth defect in the spinal cord or brain (neural tube defect). A person with a neural tube defect who uses a much larger amount than is usually recommended: 4,000 micrograms (mcg) as soon as he starts thinking about having another baby. Doses of 1,000 mcg or more can only be obtained with a prescription
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Factors that could weaken her health or the health of the fetus.
Tobacco use or alcohol consumption
Exposure to other people's cigarette smoke (passive smoking), which may harm the fetus
Contact with cat litter or feces, unless the cats are strictly confined to the home and not mixed with other cats (such contact can transmit toxoplasmosis, a parasite infection that can damage the brain of the fetus)
Exposure to high temperature for a long time
Exposure to chemicals or paint fumes
Close contact with people who have rubella or other infections that can cause birth defects
Being in contact with people who have chickenpox or shingles, unless the woman has had a test that shows she has had chickenpox and is immune to it
Chickenpox and shingles are caused by infection with herpes viruses. During childbirth, these viruses can spread to the fetus and cause severe illness. The virus can also cause pneumonia in women, which is sometimes severe.
Knowing and addressing such factors before pregnancy may help reduce the risk of problems during pregnancy (see High-Risk Pregnancy). In addition, a woman can discuss her diet and social, emotional, and health concerns with her doctor.
When a woman sees a doctor or other health care provider before she is pregnant, she can get any necessary vaccinations, such as the rubella vaccine. If she has not taken folic acid, doctors can prescribe a prenatal multivitamin that contains the recommended daily amount. of folic acid, or more folic acid if she has had a baby with a neural tube defect. If necessary, genetic testing can be done to determine if the woman and her partner are at increased risk of having a baby with an inherited genetic disorder.
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